?‘???????…???»?????‚????: blasphemy
I have been reluctant to wade into the linguistic morass of the Pussy Riot case mostly because I'm not a specialist in religious or legal terminology. But I finally gave in to my curiosity and decided to read ???±?????????‚?µ?»???????µ ?·?°???»???‡?µ?????µ (indictment).
Half a page into it, the legal language was pretty clear, but my desk was covered with reference books on church and religious terminology. If you're trying to follow the case, it may be helpful to understand a few of the recurring terms.
First, where the action took place. In an Orthodox church, the raised platform in front of the iconostasis is ?????»?µ?? (solea). The section of the solea in front of the royal doors is called ?°???????? (ambon).
Then, the cast of witnesses: ???»???‡?°?€?? (sacristan, ecclesiarch) is the person in charge of caring for the church building and its property. ???»?‚?°?€?????? (altar server) is a layperson who helps at the altar during the services. ?????µ?‡?????†?° is a woman selling candles.
And now for the big accusations — the religious ones, I mean. Three words and their derivatives pop out throughout the text: ???????‚???‚?°?‚???‚????, ?±???????…???»?????‚???? and ?????‰???????‚????, all of which are translated as sacrilege, blasphemy, profanity or desecration. After cross-checking church translations and dipping into pre-revolutionary law, I think I would translate ???????‚???‚?°?‚???‚???? as desecration, which involves some kind of violation of church property. It was the worst of the pre-revolutionary Russian religious crimes and carried the death penalty for centuries. I'd translate ?±???????…???»?????‚???? as blasphemy and ?????‰???????‚???? as sacrilege.
This is important to know as you read the legal documents because although the accusation is couched in legal terms, the supporting evidence is largely presented in religious terms.
The women are accused of committing an act of ?…???»?????°?????‚????, ?‚?? ?µ???‚?? ???€???±???µ ???°?€?????µ?????µ ???±?‰?µ???‚???µ?????????? ?????€???????°, ???‹?€?°?¶?°???‰?µ?µ ?????????µ ???µ?????°?¶?µ?????µ ?? ???±?‰?µ???‚????, ???????µ?€???‘???????µ ???? ?????‚?????°?? ?€?µ?»?????????·?????? ???µ???°???????‚?? ???»?? ???€?°?¶???‹ ?»???±?? ???? ?????‚?????°?? ???µ???°???????‚?? ?? ???‚???????µ?????? ???°??????-?»???±?? ?????†???°?»???????? ???€???????‹, ???€?????????? ?»???† ???? ???€?µ?????°?€???‚?µ?»?????????? ???????????€?? (hooliganism, that is, a gross violation of public order expressing a clear disrespect for society, committed on the grounds of religious hatred or enmity or hate against a particular social group by a group of persons by prior agreement).
What did they do it? According to witness testimony ?€” which is exactly the same, word for word, page after page ?€” their behavior was "???µ?????????±?°???‰?µ?µ, ?° ?„?°???‚???‡?µ?????? ???°?€?????°?»?? ?????µ ???‹???»?????‹?µ ?? ???µ???‹???»?????‹?µ ???±?‰?µ???€???????‚?‹?µ ???€?°?????»?° ???????µ???µ?????? ?? ???€?°???µ" (unbefitting, and in fact violated all imaginable and unimaginable, commonly accepted rules of behavior in a church). They put on clothing "???????? ?? ???‡?µ?????????? ???€???‚???????€?µ?‡?°?‰???? ???±?‰???? ?†?µ?€?????????‹?? ???€?°?????»?°??" (that clearly and obviously contradicted church rules).Then they "???°?‡?°?»?? ?±?µ???????????? ???€?‹???°?‚??????, ???€?‹???°?‚??, ?????°???°?‚??, ?·?°?????€?°?‚?? ???‹???????? ????????, ?????‚?°?‚?? ?????»?????°???? ?? ???????????€?µ???µ?????? ?? ???‚???? ???‹???€?????????°?»?? ???‡?µ???? ?????????€?±???‚?µ?»?????‹?µ, ?±???????…???»?????‹?µ ???»?????° " (started to satanically jerk around, jump, run, kick their legs up, twirl their heads while they shouted very insulting, blasphemous words).
According to the indictment, this led to ???????¶?µ?????µ ?‡???????‚?? ?? ???µ?€?????°?????? ???????????‡?????»?µ?????‹?… ???€?????µ?€?¶?µ???†?µ?? ???€?°???????»?°?????????? ?…?€?????‚???°???????????? ???µ?€?????????????µ???°?????? ?? ?????°?»?µ?????µ ?????…?????????? ???????????‹ ???????????°?€???‚???° (a violation of the feelings and faith of many Orthodox Christians and a defilement of the spiritual basis of the state).
After reading the indictment and following the trial, I've come to the conclusion that the spiritual basis of the state may indeed have been defiled, but not by Pussy Riot.
Michele A. Berdy, a Moscow-based translator and interpreter, is author of "The Russian Word's Worth" (Glas), a collection of her columns.
A Message from The Moscow Times:
Dear readers,
We are facing unprecedented challenges. Russia's Prosecutor General's Office has designated The Moscow Times as an "undesirable" organization, criminalizing our work and putting our staff at risk of prosecution. This follows our earlier unjust labeling as a "foreign agent."
These actions are direct attempts to silence independent journalism in Russia. The authorities claim our work "discredits the decisions of the Russian leadership." We see things differently: we strive to provide accurate, unbiased reporting on Russia.
We, the journalists of The Moscow Times, refuse to be silenced. But to continue our work, we need your help.
Your support, no matter how small, makes a world of difference. If you can, please support us monthly starting from just $2. It's quick to set up, and every contribution makes a significant impact.
By supporting The Moscow Times, you're defending open, independent journalism in the face of repression. Thank you for standing with us.
Remind me later.